據美國油價網7月9日報道，來自國際能源署越來越大的壓力和去年COP26氣候峰會后全球參與者建立的期望，促使油氣公司引入大量的碳削減技術，以實現更清潔的石油和天然氣生產?，F在，世界各國政府都在大力投資減碳和儲存技術，以確保本國經濟在未來幾十年實現脫碳，符合《巴黎協定》的承諾。由于世界繼續沉迷于化石燃料，CCS技術可以提供各國政府一直在尋找的凈零排放解決方案，以實現氣候政策的承諾。到2021年，所有正在運行或在建的CCS設施每年的二氧化碳捕獲能力約為4000萬噸。到2030年前，目前已經宣布的運營將使這一數字上升到每年1.9億噸二氧化碳。盡管預測到2030年全球二氧化碳捕獲能力在3.5億噸至17億噸之間，到目前為止，將CCS技術應用于油氣開采的主要缺點是成本增加。不過，如果引入碳稅，很可能會鼓勵企業在運營中使用CCS設備。 

荷蘭跨國銀行和金融服務公司荷蘭國際集團（ING）認為，CCS技術將成為減少碳排放的重要工具，因為預計到本世紀中葉，全球一些國家仍將繼續依賴化石燃料。 然而，由于CCS技術目前還處于發展的初級階段，各國政府將不得不通過將其納入氣候政策、補貼設備成本、提供稅收減免或其他碳捕獲獎勵措施來激勵能源公司使用CCS技術。  

為此，英國在2020年設立了碳捕獲與儲存基礎設施基金（CIF），預算近12億美元。英國政府認為，碳捕獲、使用和儲存（CCUS）以及氫氣，將對實現英國的氣候承諾至關重要。作為計劃的一部分，英國政府希望在本世紀20年代中期至少建立兩個CCUS設施群，到2030年前建立四個CCUS設施群，以期在2030年底前捕獲1000萬噸二氧化碳。  

在美國，美國能源部（DoE）宣布了一份意向通知，擬投入22.5億美元用于增加全國范圍內的碳儲存項目數量，項目所需資金來自美國的《基礎設施法》。每個碳儲存項目將有能力儲存至少5000萬噸捕獲的二氧化碳，相當于1000萬輛內燃機汽車每年排放的二氧化碳。

美國能源部還計劃出資9100萬美元推進關鍵的碳管理技術。這個計劃支持了美國到2050年前實現凈零經濟的目標。 

與此同時，澳大利亞政府宣布了一項1.7億美元的計劃，以促進CCUS在該國的運營。澳大利亞政府的這個戰略旨在鼓勵國內和國際研究合作，并降低技術采用的成本。CCUS中心與技術項目支持政府的技術投資路線圖，旨在降低二氧化碳壓縮、運輸和儲存的價格，以鼓勵更多的吸收。

7月，澳大利亞AspiraDAC公司宣布了一項新的CCS技術，這表明澳大利亞正在迅速趕上歐洲和北美的同行。這臺帳篷大小的太陽能機器采用了直接空氣捕捉（DAC）技術。AspiraDAC公司已經簽署了一份價值70萬美元的合同，預計到2027年前將推出180臺太陽能機器，以每噸1000美元的成本捕獲并存儲500噸二氧化碳。

環保組織呼吁在歐洲采取更有凝聚力的方法來進行碳捕獲。政府間氣候變化專門委員會（IPCC）已經非常明確地表示，如果我們希望到2100年將碳排放減少到全球氣候變暖不超過1.5℃的水平，一些行業將必須將CCS技術納入其運營。 

歐盟委員會已將CCS納入其Fit For 55氣候提案，并于去年啟動了CCUS論壇。然而，氣候組織認為，如果各國要實現其CCS目標，就需要在歐盟層面制定一個更具戰略意義的政策框架。目前已有50個CCS項目正在進行中，其中許多項目需要跨境運輸和儲存二氧化碳。  

目前世界上幾個國家政府已經建立了戰略和基金，在未來幾十年里增加CCS項目的數量，旨在使他們的經濟脫碳。然而，世界政治大國現在必須考慮采用區域性的CCS方法，以確保它們的努力具有凝聚力，并確保二氧化碳能夠在適當的地點高效地運輸和儲存，必要時可以跨越國界運輸和儲存。 

李峻 編譯自 美國油價網

原文如下：

Carbon Capture Tech Is Taking The World By Storm

Growing pressure to meet climate policy promises has sparked a boom in carbon capture and storage technology.

As the world continues with its addiction to fossil fuels, CCS could provide the net-zero solution governments have been looking for.

Several state governments have already established strategies and funds to increase the number of CCS projects over the next decades, aimed at decarbonizing their economies.

Mounting pressure from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and expectations established by global players following last year’s COP26 climate summit have led companies to introduce a multitude of carbon-cutting techniques, to make for the cleaner production of oil and gas. Now, governments worldwide are investing heavily in carbon-cutting and storage (CCS) technologies to ensure the decarbonization of their national economies over the coming decades, in line with Paris Agreement pledges. As the world continues with its addiction to fossil fuels, CCS could provide the net-zero solution governments have been looking for to meet climate policy promises. By 2021, all operating CCS facilities that were operational or under construction had a CO2 capturing capacity of around 40 Mt of carbon dioxide annually. And the operations that have so far been announced will bring that figure up to around 190 Mt CO2 a year by 2030. Although forecasts range between 350 Mt CO2 and 1.7 Gt CO2 of capturing capacity worldwide by 2030. So far, the main drawback to the incorporation of CCS technologies into oil and gas operations is the added cost. Although if carbon taxes are introduced, it is likely to incentivize companies to use CCS equipment in their operations.

Dutch multinational banking and financial services firm ING believes that CCS technologies will become a vital tool for cutting carbon, as several countries around the globe are expected to continue to rely on fossil fuels well into the mid-century. However, as CCS is currently in a nascent stage of development, governments will have to incentivize energy companies to use CCS technologies by including it in their climate policies, subsidizing the cost of equipment, and offering tax breaks or other incentives for carbon capture. 

To this end, the U.K. set up a Carbon Capture and Storage Infrastructure Fund (CIF) in 2020, with a budget of almost $1.2 billion. The government believes that carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS), as well as hydrogen, will be critical to meeting the country’s climate commitments. As part of the plan, the government hopes to establish at least two CCUS clusters by the mid-2020s, and four by 2030 to capture 10MtCO?/year by the end of the decade. 

In the U.S., the Department of Energy (DoE) announced a Notice of Intent for $2.25 billion of spending to boost the number of carbon storage projects across the country, with funds coming from Infrastructure Law. Each site will have the capacity to store a minimum of 50 million Mt of captured carbon dioxide, equivalent to that emitted by 10 million ICE cars each year. The DoE also plans to fund the advancement of critical carbon management technologies at a cost of $91 million. This scheme supports his aim for a net-zero economy by 2050. 

Meanwhile, in Australia, the government announced a $170 million program in 2021 to boost CCUS operations in the country. The strategy aims to encourage domestic and international research collaborations and lower the cost of technology adoption. The CCUS Hubs and Technologies program supports the government’s Technology Investment Roadmap, aiming to reduce the price of CO2 compression, transport, and storage to encourage greater uptake. 

This month, an Australian company, AspiraDAC, announced a new CCS technology showing Australia is quickly catching up with its European and North American counterparts. The solar-powered, tent-sized machine uses direct air capture (DAC) technology. The company has already signed a $700,000 contract and expects to roll out 180 machines to capture and store 500 tonnes of CO2 by 2027, at a cost of $1,000 a tonne. 

And environmental organizations are calling for a more cohesive approach to carbon capture in Europe. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has made it abundantly clear that several industries will have to incorporate CCS technologies into their operations if we are to hope to decrease carbon emissions to the level required to achieve no more than 1.5°C global warming by 2100.  

The European Commission has included CCS in its Fit For 55 proposals as well as launched a CCUS Forum last year. However, climate organizations believe that a more strategic policy framework needs to be set out at the E.U. level if countries are to achieve their CCS goals, with 50 projects already underway, many of which require the cross-border transport and storage of CO2.

Several state governments have already established strategies and funds to increase the number of CCS projects over the next decades, aimed at decarbonizing their economies. However, the world’s political powers must now consider a regional approach to CCS to ensure that their efforts are cohesive and that CO2 can be transported and stored efficiently in suitable sites, where necessary across borders.